Name: Gongora bufonia Lindl.

Synonyms: Gongora maculata var. bufonia (Lindl.) C.Schweinf.; Gongora irrorata Hoffmanns.

Etymology: The genus Gongora was named in honor of Antonio Caballero y Góngora, a Spanish clergyman and Viceroy of New Granada. The specific epithet bufonia is derived from the Latin bufo for toad and alludes to the unusual, toad-like appearance or markings of the flowers.

First description: Described in 1841 by John Lindley in “Edwards's Botanical Register.”

Origin/distribution: Brazil, from Sergipe through the southeast to Santa Catarina.

Location/habitat: Epiphytic in the moist tropical forests of Brazil. The species is considered to grow in warm to temperate conditions. For cultivation, we recommend approximately 19–28°C during the day and 15–21°C at night. A good nighttime temperature drop, high humidity, and continuous air movement promote healthy growth.

Description and notes: Gongora bufonia is a medium-sized sympodial orchid with ovate pseudobulbs that become distinctly furrowed with age, each bearing two large, folded leaves. The long, highly branched inflorescences grow basally and hang well below the rim of the pot. The characteristically shaped flowers are often yellowish to brownish with darker spots and can be distinctly fragrant. Due to the pendulous inflorescences, we recommend growing it in a basket or hanging pot. During growth, water generously with soft water and keep the substrate evenly moist but not wet. Water slightly more sparingly after the pseudobulbs have matured. Humidity of about 65–85% and very good air movement are favorable. A coarse, airy bark mix with slightly moisture-retaining components is suitable as a growing medium.