Name: Scaphosepalum swertiifolium (Rchb.f.) Rolfe
Etymology: The genus name Scaphosepalum is derived from the Greek words skaphe (boat/skiff) and sepalum (sepal), referring to the boat-like fused sepals. The specific epithet swertiifolium is composed of the genus name Swertia (a plant genus in the gentian family) and the Latin word folium (leaf), referring to the similarity of the leaves.
Synonyms: Masdevallia swertiifolia Rchb.f.

First description: 1879 by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach as Masdevallia swertiifolia in The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 11: 398; transferred to the genus Scaphosepalum in 1890 by Robert Allen Rolfe in The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 8: 588.
Origin / Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
Location / Habitat: Epiphytic in humid tropical mountain forests and cloud forests at altitudes of approximately 600 to 2,600 m.
Description: Scaphosepalum swertiifolium is a small, perennial, epiphytic orchid. The plant grows in clumps (caespitose) and forms slender, upright stems (ramicauls) without pseudobulbs, which are enveloped by tubular sheaths. Each shoot bears a single, upright, leathery leaf at its apex, elliptical to spatulate in shape, which narrows towards the base into a slender petiole.

The slender, flexible inflorescences emerge laterally from the base of the shoots and can significantly exceed the length of the leaves. They produce individual flowers successively over a long period. The flowers are unusual in appearance and display the characteristic features of the genus: the lateral sepals are fused and possess cushion-like, thickened structures (ospheocladia) that taper into long, slender, antenna-like processes. The coloration of the flowers varies from yellow and green to reddish and deep purple tones with dotted or striped patterns.

In cultivation, the species prefers shady to semi-shady conditions with temperate to cool temperatures and consistently high humidity. The substrate should be permeable and kept evenly moist, avoiding waterlogging. Due to its compact growth habit and moisture-loving nature, it is excellently suited for cultivation in a display case, terrarium, or mounted on cork or fern root slabs.